Tag Archives: Japan

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China Plays Hardball With Rare Earth Exports

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Rare earth metals are used in the manufacture of many items such as electric cars, computer screens, wind turbines and cell phones, just to name a few. Needless to say, rare earth metals are much-needed and in almost constant high demand. And when businesses need rare earth metals, there’s one country they turn to: China.

China produces 97% of rare earth metals, much of which is exported to Japan. But recent reports claim that shipments of the metallic element to Japan were halted. There are a few theories as to why.

The halting of shipments came, coincidentally (or not), after Japan arrested a Chinese fishing boat captain “whose trawler collided with two Japanese patrol boats off disputed islands in the East China sea.” Now, Japan is accusing China of using the metals, and its near-monopoly of it, as a “bargaining chip.” A claim China denies:

Speaking to a China-European Union business summit in Brussels, [China’s Premier] Wen [Jiabao] echoed other Chinese officials in denying Beijing had ordered traders to hold back rare earth shipments to Japan due to a recent flare-up in tensions, the newspaper China Daily reported Friday.

China claims they cut back (denying they halted shipments) because demand for the metals is exceeding supply (a claim that has received much attention lately). In either case, the Japanese are very concerned that cutbacks in exports will hurt their tech-heavy manufacturing businesses. A valid concern indeed.

Reinsurance Rates on the Decline . . . Still

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We heard it in January — reinsurance rates across most lines of the property/casualty business around the world was declining, and according to Guy Carpenter & Company, that decline is continuing.

In the report, “April 1 Reinsurance Renewals: Rates Lower; Returns Under Pressure,” the risk and reinsurance company covers regional developments as well as key issues and trends, which includes:

JAPAN
•    Rates at the April 1 renewal showed a declining trend in most classes.  Specific changes varied by line of business, and there were occasional exceptions on problematic lines, such as marine hull proportional treaties.
•    Total capacity sought by buyers for their major catastrophe exposures was similar to the expiring year, with reductions by some cedents and increases by others.
•    The effect of the Chilean earthquake was limited, though it is possible that timing may have played a part, as many of the major placements were quoted, priced and, in some cases, completed before the effects of this loss could be fully realized.
•    Overall, the renewal in Japan was smooth and perhaps easier for buyers than in many previous years, reflecting a generally softer market.  With few major issues or changes to terms and conditions, renewals were completed within similar timetables as compared to prior years.
US PROPERTY CATASTROPHE
•    Pricing for U.S. property catastrophe reinsurance at April 1 saw the continuation of the decreasing pricing trend in evidence at January 1.  Capacity continued to be plentiful – a critical element in companies’ ability to secure favorable terms and conditions.  Individual renewals vary significantly, based on each company’s own experience and positioning.
•    U.S. catastrophe pricing for nationwide companies decreased 8 percent when not factoring in the impact of the catastrophe model changes, and by 13 percent on average when adjusted for these changes.
LATIN AMERICA
•    Although not a significant source of April 1 renewals, the Latin American region provides an early indication of the implications of the Chilean earthquake for pricing and terms and conditions.  Preliminary estimates of the aggregate loss arising from the earthquake vary widely. The market may continue to evolve going into the July 1 renewals.  Overall terms and conditions in the region as a whole appear to be only modestly affected and, in some cases, unchanged by the earthquake. However, pricing varies by country.
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
•    In the property catastrophe segment, price changes ranged from decreases of 7.5 percent to increases of 2.5 percent, reflecting the variety of changes and experiences that included increased aggregates, deductibles and, in some cases, limits.
•    Korea’s property risk segment was affected by the Samsung loss of late March 2009, which occurred too late to be reflected in the April 1, 2009 renewal.  There was a second large loss in November 2009. Both losses were factored into the April 1, 2010 renewal, and loss affected treaties sustained increases of 10 to 15 percent. For loss-free treaties, rates were down by 5 to 10 percent.
•    Pricing was down by 10 to 20 percent in the liability market.  Loss experience has been light, making the business more attractive to underwriters.

JAPAN

  • Rates at the April 1 renewal showed a declining trend in most classes.  Specific changes varied by line of business, and there were occasional exceptions on problematic lines, such as marine hull proportional treaties.
  • Total capacity sought by buyers for their major catastrophe exposures was similar to the expiring year, with reductions by some cedents and increases by others.
  • The effect of the Chilean earthquake was limited, though it is possible that timing may have played a part, as many of the major placements were quoted, priced and, in some cases, completed before the effects of this loss could be fully realized.

US PROPERTY CATASTROPHE

  • Pricing for U.S. property catastrophe reinsurance at April 1 saw the continuation of the decreasing pricing trend in evidence at January 1.  Capacity continued to be plentiful – a critical element in companies’ ability to secure favorable terms and conditions.  Individual renewals vary significantly, based on each company’s own experience and positioning.
  • U.S. catastrophe pricing for nationwide companies decreased 8 percent when not factoring in the impact of the catastrophe model changes, and by 13 percent on average when adjusted for these changes.

LATIN AMERICA

  • Although not a significant source of April 1 renewals, the Latin American region provides an early indication of the implications of the Chilean earthquake for pricing and terms and conditions.  Preliminary estimates of the aggregate loss arising from the earthquake vary widely. The market may continue to evolve going into the July 1 renewals.  Overall terms and conditions in the region as a whole appear to be only modestly affected and, in some cases, unchanged by the earthquake. However, pricing varies by country.

REPUBLIC OF KOREA

  • In the property catastrophe segment, price changes ranged from decreases of 7.5 percent to increases of 2.5 percent, reflecting the variety of changes and experiences that included increased aggregates, deductibles and, in some cases, limits.
  • Korea’s property risk segment was affected by the Samsung loss of late March 2009, which occurred too late to be reflected in the April 1, 2009 renewal.  There was a second large loss in November 2009. Both losses were factored into the April 1, 2010 renewal, and loss affected treaties sustained increases of 10 to 15 percent. For loss-free treaties, rates were down by 5 to 10 percent.
  • Pricing was down by 10 to 20 percent in the liability market.  Loss experience has been light, making the business more attractive to underwriters.

As Chris Klein, global head of business intelligence at Guy Carpenter said, “There are several significant renewals at April 1 in the U.S. that did not show signs of impact from the recent global loss activity. There was some evidence of price tightening in parts of Latin America. The Chile situation remains uncertain, and earthquake losses generally develop more slowly than wind events.  Up to half of catastrophe loss ratio budgets were consumed, causing reduced headroom for a larger catastrophe later in the year.  This scenario, along with buoyant balance sheets, lower investment yields and thinner reserve releases, will put pressure on returns — sustaining active capital management and perhaps, in time, stabilizing the market.”

We will keep an eye on this potential stabilizing of reinsurance rates for the P/C market — stay tuned.

Leaders to Watch

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On the heels of their “Top Risks for 2010” report, the Eurasia Group released its “2010 Leaders to Watch” list, highlighting the world leaders that are expected to make the biggest impact on the world this year. Not surprisingly, considering that U.S./China relations claimed the top spot in the “Top Risks” report, number one and number two on the leaders list are Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and U.S. President Barack Obama. The top five leaders are discussed below:

  1. Wen Jiabao, China – “Having guided China through the worst of the economic crisis, Premier Wen Jiabao, the head of China’s sprawling state bureaucracies, now faces the equally difficult task of shifting Chinese policy from stimulating the economy to containing inflation and preventing asset bubbles.”
  2. Barack Obama, United States – “This year may define the presidency of Barack Obama. He enters 2010 with diminished approval ratings, high unemployment, a massive deficit and poor prospects for the Democratic Party in mid-term elections in November.
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    On issues of critical importance to his agenda, he has ceded considerable responsibility to Congress to determine timelines and details—which the legislature will be reluctant to give back.

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  3. Ichiro Ozawa, Japan – “If he survives the scandal that threatens to engulf him, Ichiro Ozawa has the opportunity to maneuver the ruling Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) to victory in upper-house elections in July, giving it firm control over the government. Ozawa holds no cabinet position, but he is the most powerful politician in the DPJ, controlling its finances, electoral strategy, and the candidate-selection process as its secretary-general.”
  4. David Cameron, United Kingdom – “If, as expected, the Conservative (Tory) Party wins national parliamentary elections in May, its leader David Cameron will take over as prime minister of a troubled country. The UK is still struggling to overcome a recession, a real estate bubble, and a serious crisis in its all-important financial sector.”
  5. Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, Brazil – “As President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva begins his final year in office, he looks set to go out with a bang. Brazil is quickly recovering from the global economic downturn; Lula and his relatively market-friendly economic policies are closely associated with Brazil’s economic success. Internationally, he will utilize this appeal to pursue a larger role for Brazil in developing multilateral policies—in forums like the G20 and at climate change negotiations.
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Rounding out the rest of the top 10 are: Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Iran; Ashfaq Kayani, Pakistan; Vladimir Putin, Russia; Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan, United Arab Emirates; and Olli Rehn, European Union.

Top 10 Risks for 2010

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shutterstock_U.S.-china

Well, according to Eurasia Group, the number one risk for 2010 is U.S.-China relations.

In their annual “Top Risks” report, the firm’s president, Ian Bremmer, and head of research, David Gordon, announced their top risks today, which states that “2010 is likely to be much more turbulent geopolitically than 2009, when the world was preoccupied with coping with the global financial crisis, but saw no big geopolitical crisis.”

  1. U.S.-China relations — The firm sees the relationship between these two powerhouses deteriorating significantly due to China’s reluctance to take more of a leadership role, as was seen during the Copenhagen climate conference. Other issues affecting the relationship include Beijing’s economic partnership with the U.
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    S., the resulting higher tariffs on Chinese exports, differences in cap and trade beliefs and issues involving cyber-security, among others.

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  2. Iran — Eurasia Group points to Iran as the biggest “purely geopolitical risk in 2010.” The report focuses on the country’s struggling government, its nuclear program and its reaction to ensuing sanctions. “The Iranian regime looks increasingly like a cornered, wounded animal,” the report states. “In 2010, it’s likely to act like one.
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  3. European fiscal divergence — It seems the fiscal challenges in Greece, Ireland, Spain, Portugal and Italy have created a massive area of financial risk in Europe. Eastern Europe faces escalating risks as well, especially if European Central Bank liquidity measures are curtailed.
  4. U.S. financial regulation — Eurasia Group feels 2010 will prove to be a more difficult year for Obama than 2009. The firm points to unemployment remaining high, very challenging financial regulatory reform and mid-term elections affecting this reform. “Both the Americans and Europeans are aware of the risk of driving the financial industry into the ground with too much (or too drastic) regulation or taxation,” the report states. “But as reform becomes an election-year domestic battleground, the need to serve political interests will be increasingly at odds with the need to create an efficient framework for regulatory reform.”
  5. Japan — Japan has had to endure sweeping political change and the new Democratic Party of Japan’s (DPJ) efforts to “limit the influence of bureaucrats and industrialists” has created an atmosphere of higher policy risk. Other concerns regard the uncertainty of the DPJ and the party’s less favorable disposition toward the business community, which is likely to harm financial confidence, further affecting economic woes.

The remainder of their top 10 list can be viewed here. It’s interesting to note the “red herrings” section listed at the bottom, which includes information on Iraq, the Persian Gulf, Russia, the dollar and New York and London.