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Improving IT Training Makes Cyberrisk Every Employee’s Responsibility

IT training cybersecurity

For many organizations, risk management spans four distinct categories – physical, financial, human and intellectual. When thought about in context, it’s easy to see how one risk area might impact another. An earthquake that takes down an office building, for example, has clear financial implications in the form of productivity downtime and the cost of building repairs. Given these seemingly easy correlations, it is baffling that so many businesses remain siloed when it comes to managing each area, especially given how it puts them at a higher risk as a result.

Unsurprisingly, these siloes create a lack of communication throughout an organization. Physical security, for example, can often be dealt with by facilities management teams, whereas financial risk is handled by the finance team.

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Technology hackers are no strangers to this common, organization-wide breakdown – they prey on communication lapses when strategizing an attack.

The solution is simple: break down these siloes to minimize risk gaps. But, as with most pieces of advice, the steps required to achieve this are much easier said than done, especially when it comes to silo-busting in business. The trick is for an organization to use its employees to its advantage. With collaboration between departments and strengthening universal security training across every department, IT teams can make it much harder for hackers to execute coordinated attacks across the business.

Avoid Letting a Hyperlink Be Your Downfall

Email is the primary communication tool in business, and is also the platform that reinforces employees’ position as being both the biggest threat and biggest asset to risk management. Email also happens to be a commonly chosen route for hackers to take when infiltrating an organization.

Phishing attacks via email, for example, are underpinned by social engineering and can be targeted to specific employees and job functions. According to the August 2014 HP TippingPoint survey, State of Network Security, they are dealt with by nearly 70 percent of IT professionals at least once a week, and involve a hacker disguising a malicious link as one from a “trusted” sender. When clicked by the employee, the link can give hackers the ability to pivot within their target’s network and gain unprecedented access to an organization’s network and beyond. Once attackers breach a system like email, or trick the humans reading those emails into clicking a link, it’s easy for them to exploit the organization’s financial, intellectual and physical assets further.

For example, infrastructure attacks on building control systems, although not new, can now be perpetrated remotely over the Internet.

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Malware attacks such as Flame, Duqu and Regin highlight how threat attacks are specifically targeted to control systems more and more often. As such, employing a security guard to take watch over an organization’s physical control system is no longer enough to keep outside attacks at bay.

Current IT Security Training is Failing

So, what’s an organization to do? Current training and prevention methods are lackluster, and many organizations still embody the “set it and forget it” method. It’s often assumed that once employees have been trained on IT security once, that’s all it takes. Or worse, IT security training is coupled with other training, thereby diminishing its value. For example, training on an organization’s fire evacuation procedure might be thrown in with IT security training during an employee’s induction sessions.

Organizations that do this are setting themselves up for failure. The IT department has implemented training in a way that works best for them, such as a webinar, PowerPoint or squeezed in with another training for time-saving purposes. This takes the place of training that is tailored to make the most sense for the employees.

How to Revitalize IT Security Training

The key to getting past common training slumps is by not only finding unique ways to train employees to help prevent breaches, but also by having them understand the impact a breach can have on other areas of the business, and even their own job.

Organizations must think outside the box and adopt the mindsets of both the employees and hackers to start making a behavioral change in their users. This includes tactics such as making training apply to specific job titles and departments, suggesting a job swap for a day so one department can learn another’s issues, or leveraging creative ways to remind employees not to click on suspicious links. This could include Christmas cards, SMSs or private social media groups and forums.
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But, IT security can be taken even a step further, being made an organization-wide campaign. How about taking after Facebook and making a game of it?  As reported by a director on the Facebook security team in November 2012, Facebook decided to put an end to dull employee cyber-security training with the launch of Hacktober in 2012. October is National Cyber Security Awareness Month, and throughout the month, Facebook’s cyber security team created a series of simulated security incidents that are targeted at specific internal departments, based upon the types of threats they are most likely to see. Employees that spot a Hacktober attack are rewarded with a prize, thus achieving the goal of being both educational and interesting.

Beginning with IT security to eradicate risk throughout the organization is only possible by approaching it from a human-interest angle. Humans are both the perpetrators and victims, and it’s time IT starts designing training that reflects that. Above all else, mitigating risk requires organization-wide support, including from the C-suite. Organizations can make quite an impact on prevention—not by spending a large budget on training, but by taking it back to their employees and helping them understand the ripple effect just one malicious email or link can have.

Tesla Brings Driverless Technology—and Cybersecurity Concerns—to the Masses

Last week, Tesla Motors unveiled another first for the auto industry: starting immediately, the company will be delivering upgrades directly to vehicles via the Internet.

“We view it the same away as updating your phone or your laptop,” said CEO Elon Musk, as reported in the Wall Street Journal on March 19.

Remote updates for cars was not the only taste of the future that Tesla announced last week. Talk is buzzing even louder about the new “driverless” capability that Tesla’s cars will get this summer (via wireless download, of course). The New York Times says that once your vehicle gets the upgrade, you will be able to turn on an “autopilot” when on major highways.

Tesla’s move further disrupts the traditional way of business in the automotive industry—the direct-to-consumer updates eliminate yet another reason to buy and service through a dealer. The convenience potential to consumers is obvious, and everyone is excited about driverless technology finally being within reach. What could be the downside?

Enter that fear du jour, cybersecurity. Capitol Hill is considering the unpleasant potential of bad guys being able to hack your car’s sophisticated computer system.

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Last year, Senator Edward Markey (D-MA) sent a letter to 20 car manufacturers asking them about their vehicles’ reliance on wireless computing technology and, in turn, the vulnerability of their systems. In February, he published the companies’ replies, and they weren’t completely reassuring (the full report is here).

According to Wired, Sen. Markey found that “nearly 100%” of vehicles sold today use wireless connections that could be used to access “sensitive systems or [to] compromise privacy.” Combine these findings with the recent exposé on 60 Minutes—where a DARPA hacker demonstrated the ability to hack into a Toyota Prius and gain control of the vehicle’s braking and acceleration—and you have a pretty good understanding of why Sen. Markey is concerned.

Manufacturers that responded to the Senator’s inquiry gave mostly ambiguous answers about the cybersecurity of their products. Some said they encrypt information such as driving history and physical location, while others admitted that they don’t use encryption.

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The same is true for third-party testing of vehicle cybersecurity—some do it, but many do not.

Tesla was one of three companies that chose not to respond to Sen.

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Markey’s questions. Do concerned consumers have cause to worry? After all, last year, Chinese hackers publicized their successful hack of a Tesla, although they limited their efforts to unlocking the doors and opening the sunroof.

The company is generally tight-lipped, but Musk has said that he is committed to security. He recently stated at a tech conference that “one of the key areas of focus for the company is…protecting…self-driving software from malicious attacks.”

Let’s hope so. A breach of self-driving software would, of course, be a much bigger problem than the Chinese hack of the car’s more superficial systems. And the non-response to Sen. Markey’s investigation would then start to resemble a self-inflicted wound.

For more on the risks of computerized vehicles, see “Robots Take the Wheel” in the March issue of Risk Management.

McAfee Labs Predicts Top Cybersecurity Threats for 2015

2015 cybersecurity trends

In 2015, cybercriminals will increasingly be non-state actors who monitor and collect data through extended, targeted attack campaigns, McAfee Labs predicts. In the group’s 2015 Threats Predictions, Intel Security identified internet trust exploits, mobile, internet of things and cyber espionage as the key vulnerabilities on next year’s threat landscape.

“The year 2014 will be remembered as ‘the Year of Shaken Trust,’” said Vincent Weafer, senior vice president of McAfee Labs. “This unprecedented series of events shook industry confidence in long-standing Internet trust models, consumer confidence in organizations’ abilities to protect their data, and organizations’ confidence in their ability to detect and deflect targeted attacks in a timely manner. Restoring trust in 2015 will require stronger industry collaboration, new standards for a new threat landscape, and new security postures that shrink time-to-detection through the superior use of threat data. Ultimately, we need to get to a security model that’s built-in by design, seamlessly integrated into every device at every layer of the compute stack.”

McAfee Labs predicts the top cybersecurity threats in 2015 will be:

1. Increased use of cyber warfare and espionage tactics. Cyber espionage attacks will continue to increase in frequency as long-term players will become stealthier information gatherers, while newcomers to cyber-attack capabilities will look for ways to steal sensitive information and disrupt their adversaries.

  • Established nation-state actors will work to enhance their ability to remain hidden on victim systems and networks.
  • Cybercriminals will continue to act more like nation-state cyber espionage actors, focusing on monitoring systems and gathering high-value intelligence on individuals, intellectual property, and operational intelligence.
  • McAfee Labs predicts that more small nation states and terror groups will use cyber warfare.

2. Greater Internet of Things attack frequency, profitability, and severity. Unless security controls are built-in to their architectures from the beginning, the rush to deploy IoT devices at scale will outpace the priorities of security and privacy. This rush and the increasing value of data gathered, processed, and shared by these devices will draw the first notable IoT paradigm attacks in 2015.

  • The increasing proliferation of IoT devices in environments such as health care could provide malicious parties access to personal data even more valuable than credit card data. For instance, according to the McAfee Labs report entitled Cybercrime Exposed: Cybercrime-as-a-Service, the cybercrime community currently values stolen health credentials at around $10 each, which is about 10 to 20 times the value of a stolen U.S. credit card number.

3. Privacy debates intensify. Data privacy will continue to be a hot topic as governments and businesses continue to grapple with what is fair and authorized access to inconsistently defined “personal information.”

  • In 2015 we will see continued discussion and lack of clarity around what constitutes “personal information” and to what extent that information may be accessed and shared by state or private actors.
  • We will see a continued evolution in scope and content of data privacy rules and regulations, we may even see laws begin to regulate the use of previously anonymous data sets.
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  • The European Union, countries in Latin America, as well as Australia, Japan, South Korea, Canada, and many others may enact more stringent data privacy laws and regulations.

4. Ransomware evolves into the cloud. Ransomware will evolve its methods of propagation, encryption, and the targets it seeks. More mobile devices are likely to suffer attacks.

  • We predict ransomware variants that manage to evade security software installed on a system will specifically target endpoints that subscribe to cloud-based storage solutions.
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  • Once the endpoint has been infected, the ransomware will attempt to exploit the logged-on user’s stored credentials to also infect backed-up cloud storage data.
  • We expect the technique of ransomware targeting cloud-backed-up data to be repeated in the mobile space.
  • We expect a continued rise in mobile ransomware using virtual currency as the ransom payment method.

5. New mobile attack surfaces and capabilities. Mobile attacks will continue to grow rapidly as new mobile technologies expand the attack surface.

  • The growing availability of malware-generation kits and malware source code for mobile devices will lower the barrier to entry for cybercriminals targeting these devices.
  • Untrusted app stores will continue to be a major source of mobile malware. Traffic to these stores will be driven by “malvertising,” which has grown quickly on mobile platforms.

6. POS attacks increase and evolve with digital payments. Point of sale (POS) attacks will remain lucrative, and a significant upturn in consumer adoption of digital payment systems on mobile devices will provide new attack surfaces that cybercriminals will exploit.

  • Despite current efforts by retailers to deploy more chip-and-pin cards and card readers, McAfee Labs sees continued growth in POS system breaches in 2015 based on the sheer numbers of POS devices that will need to be upgraded in North America.
  • Near field communications (NFC) digital payment technology will become an entirely new attack surface to exploit, unless user education can successfully guide users in taking control of NFC features on their mobile devices.

7. Shellshock sparks Unix, Linux attacks. Non-Windows malware attacks will increase as a result of the Shellshock vulnerability.

  • McAfee Labs predicts that the aftershocks of Shellshock with be felt for many years given the number of potentially vulnerable Unix or Linux devices, from routers to TVs, industrial controllers, flight systems, and critical infrastructure.
  • In 2015, this will drive a significant increase in non-Windows malware as attackers look to exploit the vulnerability.

8. Growing exploitation of software flaws. The exploitation of vulnerabilities is likely to increase as new flaws are discovered in popular software products.

  • McAfee Labs predicts that exploitation techniques such as stack pivoting, return- and jump-oriented programming, and a deeper understanding of 64-bit software will continue to drive the growth in the number of newly discovered vulnerabilities, as will the volume of malware that exploits those newly discovered vulnerabilities.

9. New evasion tactics for sandboxing. Escaping the sandbox will become a significant IT security battlefield.

  • Vulnerabilities have been identified in the sandboxing technologies implemented with critical and popular applications. McAfee Labs predicts a growth in the number of techniques to exploit those vulnerabilities and escape application sandboxes.
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  • Beyond application sandboxing, McAfee Labs predicts that 2015 will bring malware that can successfully exploit hypervisor vulnerabilities to break out of some security vendors’ standalone sandbox systems.

The bebe Hack: Guarding Against Cyberbreach During the Holiday Shopping Season

bebe data breach

On Friday, retail chain bebe announced that it had identified an attack on computers that operate the in-store payment processing system. The attack may have exposed data from cards swiped in retail locations in the U.S., Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands between Nov. 8 and Nov. 26, including cardholder name, account number, expiration date and verification code. The breach did not impact customers who shopped online or in other international locations, bebe reported, and the company has hired a security firm to stop and investigate the attack.

Almost exactly a year after the massive Target hack, this latest incident comes after a steady stream of sizable breaches among retailers, including Home Depot, JPMorgan Chase and eBay. Consumers have begun to find these hacks increasingly less surprising, and stopped paying as much attention – a phenomenon many are calling “breach fatigue.”

But companies are not entirely off the hook. While Target is on the rebound and subsequent breach victims have endured less damage to consumer perception, these cybersecurity incidents still demand a notable amount of contingency planning and mitigation.

According to public relations and social media firm Affect, there are four keys to protecting brand reputation in the event of a security breach:

1) Develop a Fully Locked and Loaded Response Plan

In the digital age, it is essential to have a cyber attack plan in place as part of an organization’s crisis management strategy. Companies can get ahead of a crisis by leveraging social media to diffuse damaging situations. In order to prepare, be sure to anticipate and understand the kinds of threats that could influence your business and your industry.

“There are four phases of crisis communications: readiness, response, reassurance and recovery,” said Sandra Fathi, president of Affect. “In order to properly respond to a crisis, each stage must be ready to go at a moment’s notice — develop materials such as messages and prepared statements, prepare delivery channels like hotlines and social media platforms and train employees regarding awareness and organizational procedures.
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2) The Customer is Top Priority

Arguably the most important step in maintaining a brand’s image amid a breach is to be honest with customers and inform them about what has occurred — the sooner the better, especially if their personal information is at stake. In fact, 47 states have Security Breach Notification Laws that govern communication with customers in the face of a security breach including the timeline for those communications. Several weeks elapsed before Target released an official statement to their customers and as a result, experienced massive backlash from customers, other organizations and the media alike.

Adam Levin, chairman and founder of IDT911, a provider of data risk and identity management services, believes every company needs to demonstrate three things in the wake of a data breach.

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“Urgency, transparency, and empathy are all critical. I don’t think they [Target] showed enough of those three,” Levin said in an interview with ABCNews.com. Not being upfront with customers can result in a loss of confidence in the brand that can hinder not only the company’s reputation, but could lead to a loss in revenue.

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3) Monitor the Situation in Real-Time

Social media can be a powerful tool but “with great power comes great responsibility.” While positive engagements boost a brand’s respect, companies must always monitor for negative interactions in real-time and be even more stringent during a security breach, as customers will turn to social media to respond to situations, regardless of their allegiance to the brand. Develop a Social Media Response Map that outlines anticipated situations and correlated standard responses to avoid any last minute shuffle. Don’t shy away from angry customers that continuously post adverse comments.

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Depending on the situation, it may be worthwhile to engage with these individuals in a private forum and resolve their concerns, taking the negative sentiments offline.

4) Don’t Repeat the Same Mistakes

For brands, it is especially important to not make the same mistakes twice. Customers may or may not forgive a first offense, so a second go-around is even harder to rebound from. Companies must carefully document and analyze each breach to identify how it happened, why it happened and how to prevent such an event in the future. Consider changing security vendors, deploying new software, re-training staff and amending company policies. It is also important to communicate these changes to customer to reassure them that a similar breach will not reoccur.