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NFL Admits Game’s Link to Concussion Risk

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After years of denying that the game of football could have caused degenerative brain disease in some players, the National Football League has finally admitted there is a link connecting the game to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). According to the New York Times:

Representative Jan Schakowsky, Democrat of Illinois, asked during a round-table discussion about concussions whether “there is a link between football and degenerative brain disorders like CTE,”

Jeff Miller, the NFL’s senior vice president for health and safety policy, said, “The answer to that is certainly, yes.” His response signaled a stunning about-face for the league, which has been accused by former players and independent experts of hiding the dangers of head injuries for decades.

Miller’s comments were backed the next day by league spokesperson Brian McCarthy. Miller’s answer may actually help the NFL, as “It could make it harder in the future for a player to accuse the league of concealing the dangers of the sport,” the Times said.

“Strategically, the NFL’s admission makes a world of sense,” Jeffrey A. Standen, dean of the Chase College of Law at Northern Kentucky University, told the Times. “The league has paid a settlement to close all the claims previous to 2015. For future sufferers, the NFL has now effectively put them on notice that their decision to play professional football comes with the acknowledged risk of degenerative brain disease.”

While CTE has been found in former players, the NFL has for decades denied the danger, even after researchers with Boston University announced in 2014 that, in autopsies of 79 brains of former NFL players, 76 tested positive for CTE. A report in 2003 by the Center for the Study of Retired Athletes at the University of North Carolina found a connection between concussions and depression among former professional football players.

According to a 2007 UNC study, Recurrent Concussion and Risk of Depression in Retired Professional Football Players:

Our observed threefold prevalence ratio for retired players with three or more concussions is daunting, given that depression is typically characterized by sadness, loss of interest in activities, decreased energy, and loss of confidence and self-esteem. These findings call into question how effectively retired professional football players with a history of three or more concussions are able to meet the mental and physical demands of life after playing professional football.

The NFL has directed millions of dollars to research of CTE and head trauma and it gave $45 million to USA Football to promote safe tackling and reassure parents that football’s risks can be mitigated through on-field techniques and awareness, the Times said.

Competition Drives Commercial Rates Down 4% in January

The composite rate for property and casualty business placed in the United States measured minus 4% in January. Rates dropped from minus 2% in December 2015 to minus 5% in January 2016, MarketScout reported.

“Commercial property insurers are getting ready to scratch each other’s eyes out as they fight for market share,” said Richard Kerr, CEO of MarketScout. “We see nothing to PC Trendsprevent commercial property rates from dropping further.”

In addition to commercial property, business interruption, BOPs, professional liability, and D&O coverages were all more competitively priced in January compared to December 2015. Umbrella/Excess liability and workers compensation rates actually increased slightly over the same period, he said.

Transportation companies were assessed rate decreases of 4% in January 2016 versus 2% in December 2015. Rates for manufacturing and energy accounts were slightly higher in January 2016 than in December 2015. All other industries remained unchanged.

By accounts size, rates for small and medium sized accounts (all under $250,000) were more competitive in January 2016 than in the prior month. Large and jumbo accounts (over 250,001) were assessed rates slightly higher in January versus December.

Summary of the January 2016 rates by coverage, industry class and account size:
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U.S. P&C Rates Continue to Decline

As 2015 draws to a close, U.S. property and casualty insurers continue to adjust rates downward. The composite rate index for all P/C business placed in the UnitedM Scout-1 States was down 3% in November 2015, compared to down 2% in October, according to MarketScout.

“There are very few signs of rate increases. The only coverage with seemingly steady rate increases is cyber liability,” Richard Kerr, CEO of MarketScout said in a statement. “Underwriters don’t have a lot of data to use for pricing cyber so we expect pricing to be inconsistent in the near term.”

By coverage classification, property, business interruption, business owners’, inland marine, auto, umbrella, and crime coverages all adjusted down an additional 1% from the prior month. General liability and workers compensation were down an additional 2% compared to last month.

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By account size, jumbo (more than million) and large (0,001- million) accounts were the most competitively priced and were down an additional 2% from the preceding month.

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Medium ($25,001-$250,000) and small (up to $25,000) accounts were down an additional 1% from October, MarketScout said.

Manufacturing and service industries were down an additional 2% from the prior month. Habitational, contracting, public entity and energy were down 1% from last month. Transportation was unchanged.

Summary of November 2015 rates by coverage, account size and industry class:

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Annualized year-on-year rate adjustments from November 2014 to November 2015:

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Marijuana’s Cost to Employers

With the adoption of more state laws to legalize marijuana, employers will face challenges to protect their employees from injury and to comply with federal requirements to maintain a drug-free workplace.

Employers also face potentially costly litigation as case law surrounding legal marijuana develops, according to the Quest Diagnostics whitepaper “What Will ‘Legal’ Marijuana Cost Employers?”

Marijuana-workplace

Quest reports that medical marijuana legalization brought forth a new phenomenon: the production of marijuana-infused foods and gadgets, which presents a special problem for employers. Today, nearly half of marijuana users in states where it is legal consume marijuana by eating it rather than smoking it. In addition, vape pens, which are like e-cigarettes but contain capsules of concentrated marijuana oils, leave no marijuana smell and are impossible to tell apart from e-cigarettes. These two modes of consumption will make it more difficult, if not impossible, for employers to tell when employees are using marijuana on the job.

As marijuana use increases, so will workplace injuries, accidents, mistakes, and employee illnesses, escalating the costs of companies’ liability, workers’ compensation and health insurance.

Questions companies should ask include:

  • Will employers have to accommodate marijuana use in their workplaces? A closely watched case. Before the Colorado Supreme Court will establish, at least in Colorado, whether employees can use marijuana off the clock even if they may be impaired the next day.
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  • Must employers pay for employees’ medical marijuana if they are injured on the job? By allowing a court of appeals decision to stand, the New Mexico Supreme Court finds that the answer is yes.
  • Will the use of legal cannabinoids like delta 8 THC be allowed in the workplace?
  • What does increased adolescent marijuana use portend for the future workforce? Research shows that compared to nonusers, teens who smoke marijuana on weekends over a two-year period are six times more likely to drop out of high school, three times less likely to enter college, and four times less likely to earn a college degree?
  • How can employers meet federal requirements to maintain a drug-free workplace if states require proof of impairment rather than the presence of marijuana in the body when no level of impairment has been scientifically established and no noninvasive test to denote impairment has been developed?
  • If courts hold that drug testing is no longer a valid indicator of impairment, how can employers whose businesses involve driving or other safety-sensitive positions protect their workers and the public from injuries and deaths cause by stoned drivers?
  • What if courts hold that failing a pre-employment drug test is no longer a valid reason to deny employment to applicants?

There are, however, steps employers can take to protect themselves:

1) Stay up-to-date with the changing legal landscape and adjust workplace policies accordingly.

2) Remember that marijuana is still illegal under federal law.

3) Join other employers to monitor state legislation and take action with legislators to ensure workplace protections are included in any marijuana laws.

4) Educate your workforce about the dangers marijuana poses to children, families and the workplace.

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5) Challenge the notion that marijuana is medicine, or risk paying for it in your health insurance program. No marijuana medicines being sold in states that legalized them have been approved by FDA as pure, safe, or effective.

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Doctors cannot prescribe them and pharmacies cannot sell them.