Category Archives: Supply Chain

Apple Again Leads Gartner Supply Chain Ranking

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Gartner announced its top 25-ranked organizations for supply chain in 2014, which includes four in the top-5 that also topped last year’s list. They are: Apple, McDonald’s, Amazon and Unilever, with P&G at fifth place. Gartner analysts announced the findings from this year’s research at its Supply Chain Executive Conference last week.

Apple took the No. 1 spot for the seventh year, continuing to outpace the others by a wide margin on the composite of financial and opinion measures used. McDonald’s placed in second spot for the second year in a row, followed by Amazon.com.

Two new companies joined the Top 25 this year—Seagate Technology (No. 20) appeared for the first time and Kimberly-Clark (No. 21) re-emerged after a year’s hiatus.

A primary goal of the Supply Chain Top 25 research initiative is to raise awareness of the supply chain discipline and how it impacts business, Gartner said. The supply chain rankings comprise two main components: financial and opinion. Public financial data gives a view into how companies have performed in the past, while the opinion component provides an eye to potential and reflects future expected leadership. These two components are combined into a total composite score.

Gartner analysts develop a master list of companies from the Fortune Global 500 and the Forbes Global 2000, with a revenue cutoff of $10 billion. The company then breaks the combined list down to the manufacturing, retail and distribution sectors, eliminating certain industries, such as financial services and insurance.

Analysts highlighted three standout trends for supply chain leaders in 2014:

Supporting the “Fully Contextualized” Customer

A trait of leading companies is that customer needs and behaviors serve as the starting point for go-to-market and operational support strategies. Their cultures enable consistently high-quality customer experiences that are tailored, where important, to local tastes. Supply chain leaders are expanding this demand-driven concept in terms of how they relate to their customers. They are more deeply understanding customers and striving to blend seamlessly into their daily routines. Ultimately, this understanding of customers in their local environments is helping supply chain leaders capture more revenue for their businesses, improving operational effectiveness, Gartner said.

Converging Digital and Physical Supply Chains

Leading companies have moved past selling only discrete products or services to their customers and are focused on delivering solutions. Regardless of industry, these companies want their customers to be loyal subscribers to their solutions. Several of the leading consumer product companies on this year’s list offer e-commerce subscriptions for their products, in partnership with retailers. This approach offers convenience and privacy to those customers who would typically purchase products in a physical store—and might switch to another consumer brand at any time.

Progressive industrial companies have suggested order replenishment systems with their dealer networks, based on the manufacturer’s ability to forecast demand for their dealer. Some have gone further, acting as virtual consultants to their customers’ planning organizations. They recognize that helping improve customers’ internal capabilities is part of a total solution, which makes them more competitive suppliers.

“Another significant aspect of the total customer solutions we see deployed by leaders relates to the remote management of aftermarket services, leveraging Internet connectivity,” said Debra Hofman, research vice president at Gartner. “The Internet of Things allows for monitoring of performance across the value chain; in the field at customer sites, but also to collect and analyze the big data generated as part of upstream manufacturing and logistics flows. This additional connectivity has also elevated the importance of supply chain security to prevent theft, counterfeiting and other forms of fraud. One thing is clear — future supply chains must seamlessly integrate the digital and physical worlds of customers to be competitive.”

Supply Chain as Integrated Partner

Growth is a top priority for the C-suite in 2014, with 63% of senior executives picking growth as a top imperative in Gartner’s 2014 CEO Survey. Leading supply chains are enabling this growth both organically and through successful M&A integration. Supply chain leaders also are emerging as trusted and integrated partners to business groups. Their focus on profitable growth often leads to smarter, more conscious decision making, saving business groups from spiraling out of control in the drive to maximize revenue.

In their quest for growth, however, many companies are finding the business models they were famous for dominating are now under attack from competition. Supply chain has a large part to play in enabling the business to compete for the future, concurrent with protecting existing business. The most advanced companies in the ranking said they are not afraid to rethink the design of their global supply networks to be successful. In some cases, this has led to increased vertical integration where leaders become involved in their customers and their suppliers’ businesses in an attempt to dominate value chains, redrawing the lines of competition in the process.

More detailed analysis is available in the report “The Gartner Supply Chain Top 25 for 2014.”

The World’s Most Resilient Cities

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Toronto most resilient city

How do you invest, source and expand responsibly?

Picking the right place to do so may make or break your efforts. At least, that’s the theory of London-based property company Grosvenor. With that in mind, the company analyzed 160 data sets to assess the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of the world’s “50 most important cities” to determine which are the most resilient, with resilience defined as “the ability of cities to continue to function as centers of production, human habitation, and cultural development despite the challenges posed by climate change, population growth, declining resource supply, and other paradigm shifts.”

Grosvenor first measured vulnerability by looking at climate threats, environmental degradation (including pollution and overconsumption due to sprawl), resources, infrastructure and community cohesion. For the next half of the equation, according to the Guardian, “Adaptive capacity, or a city’s ability to prevent and mitigate serious threats, was a combination of governance (high value here on democracy, freedom of speech, community participation, transparency, accountability and long-term leadership vision), strong institutions, learning capacity (including good technical universities), disaster planner and finally funding (from budget to credit and access to global funding).”

Of particular note, eight of the weakest 20 cities are in BRIC countries, and some of the cities where population and industry growth are waiting to boom may pose the greatest risks.

Five Questions with a Food Fraud Expert

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Food Fraud

BALTIMORE—After his Food Safety Summit session on food fraud and economically motivated adulteration, I caught up with Doug Moyer, a pharmaceutical fraud expert and adjunct with Michigan State University’s Food Fraud Initiative. Here are a few of his insights into top challenges for the supply chain, and the biggest risks to be wary of as a consumer.

What are the riskiest foods for fraud?

The most fraudulent are the perennials: olive oil, honey, juices and species swapping in fish. Most people underestimate the amount of olive oil adulteration, but the amount of what is labeled “extra virgin olive oil” that Americans buy is more than Italy could ever produce. I buy certified California olive oil because I’ve sat down with that group and I know that their industry is really concerned about standards and have established a rigorous certification process. I am also really concerned about species swapping in the seafood industry. I love sushi, but I have a lot of concerns eating it, and they are not always about health. I don’t like feeling duped, and a lot of companies now have to contend with that reputation issue after so many studies have found that the odds can be incredibly low that you are eating the fish that you think you ordered—as little as 30% in some sushi restaurants in Los Angeles, for example.

Adulteration has been getting a lot more attention recently, from consumers and regulators. How old of a phenomenon is food fraud?

Food fraud actually dates back to the antiquities. In the industry, we refer to it as a 2,000-year-old problem. There are actually ancient jugs used for oil or wine that feature art that is misleading about the origin or quality of what came inside.

Why are we seeing more food fraud in the U.S. now?

In the United States, we have the real luxury of solid supply chains and active food safety protectors in the form of regulators and advocates. But, as the supply chain lengthens, strangers and anonymous players get introduced, and that’s where the system is most endangered.

What is the worst case of food fraud you’ve ever seen?

Melamine in Chinese infant formula is definitely one of the worst, and especially sinister. In the ‘80s, there was also a truly horrible case with olive oil in Spain. Many people hear about olive oil adulteration now and say, “What’s the harm, if it’s just another oil?” In that case, though, it was adulterated with industrial grade oil. Over 1,000 people died, and some are still infirm and in hospitals today.

What are the biggest culprits in pharmaceutical fraud?

Male enhancement, by far, is the top victim. Patients may be too embarrassed to see a doctor about their symptoms, so they log online and order from a rogue pharmacy—which may not even be a pharmacy at all. But if they were too embarrassed to get the medication to begin with, they will probably be too embarrassed to report the issues, too. Anti-malarials are also a big culprit abroad. In countries with a lot of demand for medications that fight malaria, many counterfeiters see the opportunity to fill that need before legitimate providers can. Poor populations gravitate toward these cheaper products, and access to doctors may be limited by a long, expensive trip—when you are already sick, or cannot afford the trip, it’s easier to go to a street vendor who rips off a sheet of what he says will help. It’s a particularly heinous crime because counterfeiters will trick customers with a little bit of aspirin in the pills that lower fevers and help with the body ache. That kind of deliberate attempt to keep people from getting better, to me, is more heinous than food fraud.

Monitoring Food Safety from Farm to Fork

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Food Production Safety

BALTIMORE—The Food and Drug Administration is increasingly harnessing data-driven, risk-based targeting to examine food processors and suppliers under the Food Safety Modernization Act. At this week’s Food Safety Summit, the FDA’s Roberta Wagner, director of compliance at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, emphasized the risk-based, preventative public health focus of FSMA.

While it has long collected extensive data, the agency is now expanding and streamlining analysis from inspections to systematically identify chronic bad actors. FSMA regulations and reporting are revolutionizing many of the FDA’s challenges, but so is technology. According to Wagner, whole genome sequencing in particular has tremendous potential to change how authorities and professionals throughout the food chain look at pathogens. WGS offers rapid identification of the sources of foodborne pathogens that cause illness, and can help identify these pathogens as resident or transient. In other words, by sequencing pathogens (and sharing them in Genome Trakr, a coordinated state and federal database), scientists can track where contamination occurs during or after production.

At the same session, Jorge Hernandez, senior vice president of food safety and quality assurance at US Foods, also highlighted the importance of thorough risk evaluation and data-driven analysis for food companies.

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He encouraged a farm to fork approach to managing food safety and quality assurance risks, examining data as far back as possible so that companies just face the burden of maintaining safety, not combating or passing on contamination. Developing standards or suppliers that rest on a foundation of data and testing is the first step, but then companies must also be ready to check for compliance and implement change.

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The primary components of the food chain are standard: producers, processors, suppliers/distributors and operators. Between each, however, comes the opportunity for monitoring and verification checks that should serve as control points, Hernandez said. These controls must be integrated into every link in the chain, and food companies must constantly evaluate what systems are necessary to ensure success downstream.