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GOCE Satellite Makes Fiery Fall to Earth

Bill Chater: GOCE Re-entry

As captured – and tweeted – by skywatcher Bill Chater in the photo above, the European Space Agency’s Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) re-entered the atmosphere on Sunday, making an uncontrolled fall after running out of fuel last month.

Launched in 2009, GOCE mapped variations in Earth’s gravitational field to help scientists better understand how gravity affects phenomena like ocean circulation and sea level. As Slate reported, the satellite only spent about a quarter of its time over land, so the odds were high for a safe crash into the ocean, but when an object weighing over a ton is in a free-fall to Earth, the risk is noteworthy.

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While scientists knew that most of the satellite would burn up during approach, its 25 to 45 pieces of debris weighing up to 200 pounds each pose a significant threat. Without any means of controlling where it would land, officials from the ESA, Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee and United States Strategic Command closely monitored the massive “space debris” until it fell into the South Atlantic off the tip of South America, south of the Falkland Islands.

Since 2008, United Nations guidelines have attempted to reduce the danger of space debris, and scientists now build extra fuel and thrusters into space-bound objects to help control re-entry.

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GOCE had already been designed when the guidelines were issued, but future iterations would likely include these failsafes.

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The risk of uncontrolled space debris is increasingly common, however. On average, one piece of tracked “space junk” falls every day and one intact defunct spacecraft or old rocket body comes back every week, BBC reported. Renowned astrophysicist Neil Degrasse Tyson was quite thorough in pointing out that major space debris disasters like the one depicted in Gravity are scientifically questionable at best, but the everyday risks merit serious consideration as increasing what we send into space increases what we can expect to fall back. There are currently about 750 live satellites circling Earth and an estimated 500,000 pieces of space debris in orbit, dating as far back as the 1958 Vanguard 1 research satellite.

Low Insurance Impact Expected from Haiyan

Damage in the Philippines from Typhoon Haiyan is widespread, with new information emerging daily. Insured losses, however, are expected to be low, with the greatest impact on smaller reinsurers, according to insurance industry reports.

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A.M. Best said in a briefing that it expects insured losses to be minimal, as non-life insurance is less than 1% of the country’s gross domestic product.

“Insured losses in the Philippines will be spread across many segments, including per­sonal lines, fire and property, and marine hull. Fire/property and marine hull will be well reinsured through the major global reinsurers and through Lloyd’s, which will also absorb some marine losses on a primary basis. Net losses to primary insurers will be limited, and some commercial losses also may be covered through captives or other forms of self-insurance,” the report said.

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A.M. Best expects Haiyan to be an “earnings event for reinsurers” – more substantial for smaller, regional reinsurers. While it is expected to have minor impact on larger global companies, it is “yet another loss on top of recent catastrophes in Europe.”

In an update, Dr. Robert Hartwig of the Insurance Information Institute said that economic damages will be significant, with Haiyan having a “major negative impact on the Philippine economy.”

He noted two reasons why insured losses from Haiyan are likely to be low:

• The storm did not have a direct impact on Manila, the capital and largest city in the Philippines, well to the north of the track of Typhoon Haiyan.

• The Philippines is a small market for property/casualty insurance, with premiums of just $1.23 billion written in 2012. This amounts to $12.70 per person, compared to $1,223.90 per person in the U.S. “Even compared with the rest of Asia, the penetration of insurance in the Philippines is relatively low,” Hartwig said in the report, adding that per capita premiums in Asia were $91.90 in 2012.

In 2012 the Philippine’s GDP per capital was ranked 124th out of 184 countries by the International Monetary Fund, he said. The Philippine economy has grown steadily, however—at an annual rate of 7.

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5% as of the second-quarter of 2013—and should become better insured in the future.

Philippines Life and Nonlife Insurance Premiums, 2012

 

Direct premiums written

Nonlife premiums *

$1,231

Life premiums

$2,265

Total premiums

$3,496

Percent of total world premiums

0.08%

* Includes accident and health insurance.

Source: Swiss Re, sigma, No. 3/2013.

Can Britney Spears Ward Off Piracy?

Britney Spears

Pirates remain a notable risk for businesses that involve maritime activities like shipping for supply or distribution. While it’s easy to dismiss the idea with images of wooden ships, gangplanks and a thoroughly unwashed Johnny Depp, the face of piracy has changed, but it has far from disappeared.

In the last decade, increased pirate activity out of war-torn Somalia have drawn considerable media attention, especially as hundreds of ships were attacked and dozens hijacked and their crews held hostage. Pirates earned an average of $4.87 million per ship in 2011, a huge financial toll for businesses that was only compounded by rising need for kidnap and random insurance for crews.

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Yet the Horn of Africa and the Suez Canal are not the most perilous seas. Australia’s News Limited reported, “Shipping industry figures show that the waters around Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula is the world’s hotspot for pirates.

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” The International Maritime Bureau found that Indonesia has experienced a more than 50% surge in pirate attacks in the first half of 2013. Of the 48 attacks reported, 43 involved pirates boarding vessels and assaulting the crew. West Africa has also grown as a hotspot, and the Control Risks RiskMap Maritime 2013 also highlighted high conflict potential at sea off South Korea, Nigeria, and Bangladesh.

RiskMap Maritime 2013Some experts are turning to more creative measures to ward off pirates, Time magazine reported this week. To deter pirates from approaching supertankers off the east coast of Africa, merchant navy officer Rachel Owens said ships have begun blasting the musical stylings of Britney Spears.

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“Her songs were chosen by the security team because they thought the pirates would hate them most,” Owens said. “These guys can’t stand Western culture or music, making Britney’s hits perfect.”

It’s a colorful approach to consider, especially as Hollywood turns a spotlight on mismanaged pirate attacks with the new Tom Hanks movie “Captain Phillips.” Let’s just not take it too far – as Steven Jones, of the Security Association for the Maritime Industry, told Time, “I’d imagine using Justin Bieber would be against the Geneva Convention.”

Cyber Risk a Top Concern for C-Suites

NEW YORK—Risk managers no longer have a problem getting the attention of their company board and executives when it comes to cyber issues, according to panelists at the Advisen Cyber Risk Insights conference yesterday.

At Royal Ahold N.V., in fact, a supervisory board “insists on an annual presentation on the insurance policies,” which include cyber, said Nicholas Parillo, vice president of global insurance for the company. Giving his annual presentation to the board is made much easier, because “the person before me is the chief security officer and before that, the CIO and it’s good to know that they are saying the same things I’m saying. That’s the level this kind of risk has achieved within major corporations.

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In the U.S., Ahold owns about 2,000 supermarkets—780 in the northeast, including Stop ‘n Shop and Giant Food Markets and 300 pharmacies, Parillo said. The company, which has annual revenue of $42 billion, also owns a number of chains throughout Europe.

Parillo noted that Ahold’s chief concern is the large amount of customer data needed for its goal of major online sales growth.

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“Our CEO a couple of years ago established a goal of increasing our online sales from $400 million annually to $1.5 billion,” he said. “We should hit that target in the next two years or sooner. One of our big concerns in this area is fast growth in ecommerce,” and also that “good governance surrounds” that growth.

The company purchased its first cyber security insurance policy in 2007, he said, an action that was hastened by “two watershed events in retail business,” the Hannaford Bros. Co. privacy violation and the TJ Maxx case. Both of these have run into the “hundreds of millions of dollars now with a significant amount of legal fees associated,” he said, adding, “These events made my job a lot easier in terms of going to my management and saying that this could happen to us, despite the biggest and the brightest in our IT group.”

Jimmy Kirtland, vice president, corporate risk management with ING said that in the past, “trying to convince your CFO and CEO and general counsel that there really was [cyber] exposure,” was an issue. He explained that 10 or 15 years ago, “Even if you were going to look at cyber coverage you had only three brokers you could go to.”

Since then, “There has been a complete turnaround in 10 years. The market has grown tremendously and so have the brokers and it’s become much more sophisticated, which we appreciate. The C-suite has recognized that this is something that has to be looked at,” he said.

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Dutch-based ING is restructuring, separating its banking and insurance operations. ING U.S. plans to rebrand as Voya Financial, a retirement, investment and insurance company, according to the company’s website. “In our case, one of the biggest concerns we had was that because of the split with our parent company, we had very little time to place our financial lines products, including cyber. So the concern is to get it right.”

The company filed an IPO in May, “and yesterday we announced we would have a secondary offering. When you don’t have the umbrella of a major global corporation anymore, you become keen on your risks and exposures,” Kirtland said.

What happens if technology fails at the company? “With us it really is out in the cloud,” Kirtland said. “Classic business insurance reimburses you for supply chain problems or if a warehouse burns down, so it’s an extra expense we have to worry about.”

To be able to stay in business in case of a technology failure, or in the case of “a system-wide blowout, we went with a time-limited type of retention. It’s a set amount based on the time you are out,” he explained.