Category Archives: Health and Wellness

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Zika and the Olympics: Business Travel Risks

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Zika
The Zika virus, and its presumed association with serious birth defects and a paralytic neurological disorder, poses an unusual problem for business leaders and risk managers. While the virus is not currently being spread by mosquitoes in the U.S., Brazil is an important destination for many U.S. business travelers, which will only increase in the build-up to this summer’s Olympic Games. For many companies, health and safety concerns are top priorities, but travel to Brazil may be a business necessity. Before making decisions around these two opposing drives, it is vital that risk managers and business leaders weigh the facts around Zika.

The Risk to Employees

Brazil ranks in the top 10 in the business travel global rankings, making it one of the world’s largest corporate travel markets. With the Olympics, business travel to Brazil is expected to increase considerably this year, yet many Americans are worried about the threats of the virus. Consider the results of a recent survey conducted by my company, On Call International: 64% of Americans and 69% of all women surveyed, said they would cancel their travel plans because of Zika. There is, however, a disparity between these widespread concerns and the ways businesses have actually responded to the virus. A survey by the Overseas Security Advisory Council found that of the 321 businesses that responded, less than 40% are allowing female employees to defer travel to affected countries, and only a fifth are allowing men to opt out. The majority of respondents are only taking steps to inform their employees about the virus.

Should more employers allow their employees to defer travel? In considering this question, business leaders need to turn to authoritative travel health sources such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to help make informed choices around employee health and safety concerns.

Furthermore, women currently account for nearly half of all business travelers. The virus’s risks around pregnancy-related issues like miscarriages and birth defects will be top of mind for many businesswomen with travel plans to Brazil. Are employee concerns enough reason for businesses to stop travel to Brazil? Turning to authorities such as the CDC—and its recent travel advisory urging women who are pregnant or thinking of becoming pregnant to avoid travel to places like Brazil—provides a compelling reason for business leaders to consider more flexibility.

While women’s apprehensions around Zika seem obvious, the rising concern of the virus being transmitted sexually means that men with pregnant partners, or partners who may become pregnant, also have reason for concern. Notably, the CDC has issued warnings specifically for men traveling to locations like Brazil, which is another reason for businesses to give deferral of travel by men further consideration.

Duty of Care

As part of a company’s Duty of Care—the legal obligation to protect your employees from any reasonably foreseeable harm—your employees’ concerns around the Zika virus should be taken seriously. The virus is a new obstacle for businesses, and its risks require new approaches before any business travel to Zika-affected areas. Through proactive education, there are appropriate and responsible ways organizations can consider responding to the virus that are aligned with their legal and ethical responsibilities to their employees and their business. Organizations should consider meetings with all employees to discuss the virus and the health risks the virus imposes for travel.

If Travel is Necessary

While the symptoms of the virus – which are generally mild – are not immediately life-endangering, it is a good precaution to ensure employees are aware of resources such as doctors or hospitals in the areas where they are traveling. With special events like the Olympics, business leaders can also look into potential resources that are developed to help provide backup services for Rio during the Games. In preparation, Brazil is expected to invest $3.7 million in projects that include improving the medical infrastructure. These are investments that can benefit business travelers, if they have are made aware of them.

As there is no vaccine for the virus, organizations should share protection methods, including:

  • Avoid mosquitos and limit outdoor activities, especially from dawn until dusk when the Aedes aegypti mosquito is most active
  • Stay in accommodations with properly air-conditioned rooms. Netting for beds can also go a long way in protecting against the virus
  • Avoid unnecessary skin exposure by wearing long sleeves and pants
  • Purchase the correct insect spray—specifically those that contain DEET, picaridin, oil of lemon eucalyptus or IR3535

Embracing Flexibility

A sound approach includes weighing the risks and rewards of travel to Brazil and other Zika-affected areas. Where possible, be flexibile. For example, if your organization has employees based permanently in Brazil, or local partners, leverage them for any work that needs to be done in person to reduce the risks of sending additional employees to Zika-affected areas. There are also easy, technology-driven solutions, such as video chats or teleconferences. Be creative in your travel risk management solutions and identify which methods work best for your organization. Building your risk management program from a solid base of proactive education helps empower employees to make informed decisions regarding their travel plans to locations affected by Zika.

For more on this topic, check out our May feature in Risk Management Magazine.

NFL Admits Game’s Link to Concussion Risk

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football

After years of denying that the game of football could have caused degenerative brain disease in some players, the National Football League has finally admitted there is a link connecting the game to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). According to the New York Times:

Representative Jan Schakowsky, Democrat of Illinois, asked during a round-table discussion about concussions whether “there is a link between football and degenerative brain disorders like CTE,”

Jeff Miller, the NFL’s senior vice president for health and safety policy, said, “The answer to that is certainly, yes.” His response signaled a stunning about-face for the league, which has been accused by former players and independent experts of hiding the dangers of head injuries for decades.

Miller’s comments were backed the next day by league spokesperson Brian McCarthy. Miller’s answer may actually help the NFL, as “It could make it harder in the future for a player to accuse the league of concealing the dangers of the sport,” the Times said.

“Strategically, the NFL’s admission makes a world of sense,” Jeffrey A. Standen, dean of the Chase College of Law at Northern Kentucky University, told the Times. “The league has paid a settlement to close all the claims previous to 2015. For future sufferers, the NFL has now effectively put them on notice that their decision to play professional football comes with the acknowledged risk of degenerative brain disease.”

While CTE has been found in former players, the NFL has for decades denied the danger, even after researchers with Boston University announced in 2014 that, in autopsies of 79 brains of former NFL players, 76 tested positive for CTE. A report in 2003 by the Center for the Study of Retired Athletes at the University of North Carolina found a connection between concussions and depression among former professional football players.

According to a 2007 UNC study, Recurrent Concussion and Risk of Depression in Retired Professional Football Players:

Our observed threefold prevalence ratio for retired players with three or more concussions is daunting, given that depression is typically characterized by sadness, loss of interest in activities, decreased energy, and loss of confidence and self-esteem. These findings call into question how effectively retired professional football players with a history of three or more concussions are able to meet the mental and physical demands of life after playing professional football.

The NFL has directed millions of dollars to research of CTE and head trauma and it gave $45 million to USA Football to promote safe tackling and reassure parents that football’s risks can be mitigated through on-field techniques and awareness, the Times said.

New York City Mandates Bathroom Access Consistent with Gender Identity

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transgender bathroom accessThis week, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio signed an executive order requiring city agencies to ensure all employees and members of the public can use the restrooms or locker rooms consistent with their gender identity, protecting transgender and gender non-conforming individuals from discrimination in public facilities.

“Every New Yorker should feel safe and welcome in our city—and this starts with our city buildings,” de Blasio said. “Access to bathrooms and other single-sex facilities is a fundamental human right that should not be restricted or denied to anyone. New York City is proud to enforce one of the strongest human rights laws in the country, which protects the rights of transgender and gender non-conforming individuals to live freely and with respect.”

Under the new measure, effective immediately, individuals will not have to provide identification or other proof in order to access bathrooms at any city-owned building, including city offices, public parks, playgrounds, pools, recreation centers and certain museums. It does not require agencies to build single-stall restrooms or locker rooms, though as OSHA noted over the summer in its guidelines on provisions for transgender employees, access to single-occupancy gender-neutral facilities is a safe, easy way to ensure compliance with workplace safety and nondiscrimination policies.

Ensuring a safe and compliant workplace for transgender employees is an increasingly urgent concern for risk managers of public entities and private enterprise alike. The OSHA guidelines, executive orders issued by President Barack Obama, and other emerging guidance from labor-related agencies make clear that federal and state governments are issuing more protections for transgender individuals, and the enforcement actions and reputational damage pose significant risk.

As I reported in the September issue of Risk Management, the president’s April executive order banned federal contractors who do more than $10,000 a year in federal business from discriminating on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. Such federal contractors employ more than 20% of the American workforce—28 million workers. The Office of Personnel Management has issued a comprehensive guide for these entities to best ensure that they are compliant and treating all employees with dignity and respect while preventing discrimination in the workplace.

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OPM also called for all federal agencies to review their anti-discrimination policies as well.

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In addition to restroom access, other issues addressed—and likely to face increasing scrutiny—include employment practices such as hiring and promotion, and the consistent use of preferred pronouns, the subject of a recent EEOC ruling against the Department of the Army.

“One of the encouraging things we’re seeing is that people are not waiting for the laws to change,” said Victoria Nolan, risk and benefits manager at Clean Water Services, who draws upon both her professional background and personal experience to offer private consulting services on transgender and diversity issues in the workplace. “There are companies that are being proactive. In some cases, for example, companies that are functioning in multiple states realize that it is extremely difficult to have a variety of offices and just comply with state law, so they are starting to look at the probable end results and move in that direction now.”

While many issues regarding transgender rights continue to spark controversy in legislatures across the country, almost all of the nation’s 20 largest cities have state or local laws allowing transgender people to use bathrooms corresponding to their gender identity. As CBS reported, Houston voters debated—though ultimately defeated—an ordinance that would have established nondiscrimination protections for gay and transgender people, while just last week, South Dakota’s governor vetoed a bill that would have made the state the first in the U.S. to approve a law requiring transgender students to use bathrooms and locker rooms that match their sex at birth rather than their gender identification.

Following our previous coverage, “Developing a Strategy for Transgender Workers,” there will also be a hot topic session of the same name at the upcoming RIMS Annual Conference and Exhibition in San Diego. Led by Victoria Nolan and employment attorney Liani Reeves, the session will take place on Monday, April 11.

Is Fear of Terrorism Grounding Your Business Travel?

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Paris

The recent acts of terrorism in Paris stunned the world, when 150 were killed and more than 300 were wounded. But the collateral damage went far beyond buildings being ripped apart and one of the most popular cities in the world being virtually shut down.

Business Travel Coalition, a U.S.-based lobby group, recently released a survey of 84 corporate, university and government travel and risk managers from 17 countries on their attitudes of trips to France following the bombings.

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Twenty-one percent of the respondents said they were very or somewhat likely to cancel travel to France for “some period of time,” and 20% were somewhat likely to cancel travel to and within Europe. A large majority said they’d probably allow employees to decide whether they were prepared to head to France.

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One in five corporate travel managers is likely to cancel trips to Paris “for some period of time.” These are not surprising statistics.

Terrorism has been defined as “The use of violence to instill a state of fear,” and that effect is far-reaching; a bomb explodes in Paris and it’s likely that 5,600 miles away in California some corporate risk manager for a Fortune 500 company is seriously considering cancelling a business trip to Europe—a visceral reaction that could cost his company untold sums of money. Mission accomplished.

But it doesn’t have to be that way.

I fully realize that the fire that fuels business owners is the desire to overcome any obstacles perceived to hinder the bottom-line. But there’s no way a sane person can watch the news today and not wonder, “What is the risk of undertaking a business trip overseas? Will I fall victim to a terrorist act?” I contend that the answer to this question is to put your risk in perspective.

Although it’s a sad state of affairs that there will most likely be another terrorist attack in Europe sometime in 2016, it doesn’t mean that a high degree of risk involved for you, personally. According to the U.S. State Department, the number of U.S. citizens killed overseas by incidents of terrorism from 2001 to 2013 was 350. In other words, your odds are greater to be killed in a car crash (one in 19,000), drown in your bathtub (one in 800,000), or be struck by lightning (one in 5.5 million) than to perish in a terrorist attack (one in 20 million).

It is important that we don’t allow acts of terrorism to knock the wheels off our economy. Business travel is a key element in making us what we are, so it’s imperative that we mitigate that risk whenever possible.

The first thing is to make sure you are not so focused on terrorism that you fall victim to the common risks swirling around us every day. For instance, when traveling overseas don’t be so obsessed with where you think an incident might happen (no matter how statistically unlikely) that you select an alternate route that takes you through the last place on earth where you’d want to get a flat tire in the middle of the night.

Second, minimize the risks you have control over.

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Stay up-to-date on the State Department’s list of global hot spots, and have your business travel professional plan each step, down to the slightest detail (air, hotels, ground and communication).

Detailed planning is paramount because with any type of business travel in these uncertain and even downright scary times, it is all about controlling the risk. And that can start with the simple act of driving carefully on the way to the airport. That way the most likely risk you’ll ever face on your trip is already behind you before you even board the plane.