Category Archives: Cyber Crime

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How to Conduct Better Third-Party Risk Assessments

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Today’s enterprises operate in a complex digital ecosystem that connects customers, vendors and partners and through which data is shared and transactions are processed. Because much of this is done through outsourcing of systems and services to third parties, many enterprises have dramatically increased the scale and complexity of their risk surface.

While companies are reliant on third and fourth parties to do business and often benefit from using such external services, these relationships also pose a risk to the enterprise’s sensitive data. Enterprises rely on these third parties to fulfill essential services and often expect them to secure the enterprise’s data in the process. Unfortunately, this does not always happen. 

According to a survey by RiskRecon, a Mastercard company, and the Cyentia Institute, third-party risk practitioners said that 31% of their vendors could cause a critical impact to their organization if breached, while 25% claimed that half of their entire network could trigger severe impacts.

Recent catastrophic cybersecurity incidents like the SolarWinds case demonstrate that cyberrisk can come from supply chain layers beyond the company’s immediate third parties. These multi-party cyber breaches create a ripple effect and threaten to have a far greater impact than those affecting single companies.

Business leaders, third-party risk practitioners, and cybersecurity professionals are well aware of the potential impacts of third-party risk, yet many struggle to keep up. In fact, research shows that only 14% of third-party risk professionals are confident that vendors are capable of meeting third-party security requirements. Managing vendor risk can seem like an impossible problem, but the key is having greater visibility into your digital supply chain and monitoring the external parties that pose the greatest risks to your firm.

Traditional Risk Assessments vs. Continuous Third-Party Monitoring

Traditional risk assessment processes cannot fully address today’s dynamic cyberrisk landscape, as they can be difficult to validate, take a long time for both the vendor and the organization to process, and are pinned to a single point in time. Without a valid, current assessment, security teams are forced to prioritize vulnerabilities blindly, which ultimately compromises risk mitigation, and limits their value as an accurate barometer of third-party risk.

It can be easy and tempting to complete a third-party risk assessment in one month and then forget about it for another year, but third-party risk management is not a once-a-year project—it requires an ongoing program with ongoing monitoring. This may appear to be overwhelming, confusing and time-consuming. While there will always be more vendors to find, a well-structured and continuous third-party monitoring program can help your security team to prioritize.

It is also important to take action on the vulnerabilities these critical vendors produce and gain visibility into how to remediate these issues. Continuous third-party monitoring can not only help you identify and remediate risk, but can also serve as a helpful tool in communicating your organization’s security hygiene to board members or executive leadership.

Below are practical steps that cybersecurity teams and risk professionals can take to better manage their organization’s third-party cyberrisk:

  1. Ask the right questions: Build and collect security questionnaires that ask important questions about how a vendor is handling the company’s data. To better manage risk, security teams need insight into the technologies that are being used internally and externally by third parties, fourth parties, and beyond.
  2. Assign a risk rating: Based on the answers to the questionnaires, assign the vendor a risk rating. By having a clear understanding of a vendor’s security posture, the security team can then rank vulnerabilities in order of priority, so they know which issues to tackle first.
  3. Take action: Create custom-fitted risk action plans so you can immediately start engaging with your vendors on remediation. If a vendor’s cyber risk degrades or an element falls out of policy, you will be notified instantly. By having accurate visibility into supply chain risk, security teams can then use that information to make decisions about whom to share data with moving forward.

By utilizing these best practices, organizations can better manage their third-party risk, further reduce overall risk, increase cyber visibility, and improve the quality of vendor and supplier networks.

Successfully Navigating Identity Management Strategies

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For many CISOs, overseeing identity management represents a significant challenge and a substantial component of their broader security ecosystem. In a nod to its importance, the National Cyber Security Alliance even recently kicked off the first ever Identity Management Day. It is also central to a number of critical issues that urgently need a CISO’s attention, namely data access governance, data loss prevention and cloud application security.

When navigating the vital issue of identity, the top considerations include:

Data Access Governance

Data security spans two areas of organizational risk: unauthorized data use and privacy issues associated with authorized data processes. When evaluating an identity management strategy, it is imperative to start at a high level, which includes data access governance to limit access and meaningfully reduce the risk of loss or theft.

An effective end-to-end approach provides visibility and controls to identify risk and protect sensitive information across cloud and on-premise networks while also keeping digital communications compliant. This approach involves establishing a data governance program, which includes data inventory, data mapping, needs-based permissions and, ultimately, data retention and erasure. Critical components in overall data access considerations include understanding what data is being collected, where and how it is stored, who is accessing that data, protection mechanisms in transit and at rest, and how long the data is being retained.

Proper data access governance is essential to ensuring successful digital transformation as remote/hybrid work continues, both email and cloud apps remain core communication channels, and social media continues to drive business.

Data Loss Prevention

Protecting information both at rest and in motion are important elements of another identity management issue: data loss prevention (DLP). Data is lost due to negligent, compromised, or malicious users and it is important to approach DLP in manageable terms. For example, full data classification and discovery is idealistic for many. Complete reliance on both fronts is hard, if not impossible.

Traditional data loss prevention approaches, such as full data discovery, have arduous requirements and usually involve mandatory outsourcing for development and monitoring. In fact, many CISOs only want to tackle the DLP challenge once in their career.

Fortunately, modern strategies are available to manage DLP efforts that focus on protecting the most sensitive information in terms of content type, context, and user behavior. These include systems that issue accurate alerts, reduce investigation time, and focus security teams on risky user behavior rather than solely on classification violations.

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An approach that places an emphasis on user behavior, in addition to classification, is pivotal to identifying compromised accounts and phished users. Data does not lose itself, but proper DLP can stop bad actors and insider risks from siphoning critical assets.

Cloud Application Security

In a Cloud Security Alliance study of 200 IT professionals, 83% indicated that cloud security is a top area for improvement. This is not surprising in our current climate as CISOs are constantly struggling to ensure they have visibility and control over how users access and share sensitive data in the cloud. It only takes one compromised account to expose an organization to significant risk.

For example, according to a 2020 Proofpoint analysis of over 20 million cloud account users and thousands of cloud tenants across North America and Europe, attackers are increasingly abusing legitimate OAuth authorization apps to exfiltrate data and maintain persistence on specific cloud resources after compromising an account.

Over the last year, threat actors targeted 95% of organizations with cloud account compromise attempts, and more than half of organizations were successfully compromised at least once. Discovering cloud apps and reducing shadow-based IT—including third-party OAuth authorization apps—helps limit accessing and sharing data to only authorized users.

Every cloud app security broker (CASB) strategy needs to address how individuals handle data and the threats targeting them. It is imperative that threat visibility and adaptive controls extend to the most attacked people and operate effectively in the cloud.

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This includes deployment of multifactor authentication solutions, the ability to detect suspicious login attempts, and user education.
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Also, deployed cloud DLP policies need to align with those for email and on-premises file repositories. Finally, DLP incident management should be centralized and span across cloud apps.

The issue of identity management will continue to play a central role in security strategies for years to come. Focusing on data access governance, modern DLP and effective cloud app security can help significantly reduce an organization’s risk.

Combating Fraudulent COVID Unemployment Claims

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As federal and state officials scramble to send unemployment and stimulus funds to help people hit hard by COVID-19 business shutdowns, it has become a perfect storm for cyber fraud.

The payments are an easy target for cybercriminals as hackers and cyber gangs around the world have started to file unemployment claims use stolen identities. Some criminals claim benefits in the names of dead or incarcerated people, while others set up shell companies, “hiring and firing” fictitious employees to collect payments.

For example, cyber gangs in Nigeria have stolen millions in benefits from multiple states using hacked names, Social Security numbers and other information sold for as little as two dollars each on the dark web. In New York, a man was charged with filing more than $1.4 million in false COVID-19 unemployment claims, using the stolen identities of over 250 unknowing victims. According to U.S. attorneys, he was caught in part because he used the same IP address and security question and answer—the name of his family dog, Benji—to submit the applications.

The U.S. Department of Labor estimates fraudsters may already have stolen at least $63 billion through phony jobless claims, while other reports say the losses could be as high as $200 billion. In addition, unsuspecting victims are at risk of receiving surprise tax bills because cybercriminals stole their identities and filed fraudulent claims for COVID-19 unemployment payments.

Watch Closely for Signs of Fraud

The Federal Trade Commission warns that unemployment fraud puts workers at additional risk of identity theft crimes including tax fraud. What can you do to help protect your employees?

Unemployment fraud is often uncovered when employers are notified by state officials that employees have applied for benefits. If they are still working, they may be the victim of identity theft.

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Be alert to the signs of cybercrimes and unemployment fraud. Contact your human resources department or tax administrator and ask them to look carefully at any notices or requests they receive from state unemployment officials. If you get a report about unemployment benefits that an employee did not request or receive, contact the employment division of your state labor department. Unemployment fraud is so widespread that most states have set up special procedures to deal with these situations.

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Warn Your Employees

Let employees know that unemployment scams are a serious problem. Identity theft can also lead to tax fraud, credit card theft and loans taken out in their names.

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Notify a working employee immediately if the state informs you they have filed for unemployment benefits. They may be the victim of identity theft and should file a police report. Officials say workers scammed by cybercriminals do not have to pay unemployment taxes, but they must report the crime to the state labor department. And they should file their federal and state taxes on time for the correct amount of their income. The U.S. Labor Department has created a special website for victims of unemployment fraud.

Review Your Cybersecurity

Much of the personally identifiable information used by cyber thieves comes from data breaches, phishing schemes and other cyberattacks. Remind employees, particularly in human resources and tax departments, to be alert for suspicious emails, telephone calls and text messages about payroll information or W-2 forms.

The threat will continue beyond the pandemic. Business email compromise, in which employees are tricked into paying company funds into fraudulent accounts, is at an all-time high, so make sure employees have regular cybersecurity training. If you haven’t conducted a data inventory, do so now. Once you know what data you keep, you can determine what controls you require to protect that data. Store employee records securely and dispose of personally identifiable information carefully. It is also advisable to use a secure email gateway, which protects from spam, viruses, malware and denial-of-service attacks, and make sure employees working remotely are using secure company devices. Install patches and software updates, setting up automatic software updates whenever possible.

Unemployment or tax fraud targeting multiple employees may indicate a data breach. If you have a theft or cyberattack, contact your insurance carrier and, if necessary, seek expert help to identify the source, the extent of the problem and how best to respond.

Data Backup Strategy Tips for World Backup Day

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As tomorrow’s World Backup Day should remind us all, there is one risk mitigation measure every company should have in place and regularly reevaluate: a data backup strategy. A data backup is an archive or copy of a company’s information, sensitive or otherwise, and presents a critical part of any enterprise’s disaster recovery plan, especially in the event of a data loss. Data loss can come in many forms, including physical theft, hard drive failures, simple human mistakes, and ransomware attacks. Given the range of potential risk scenarios, risk professionals and business leaders assess their backup strategy as part of all disaster preparation and response plans. 

While 93% of small businesses use cloud-based backup solutions, there are many options for risk professionals or IT leaders to consider. For example, there are also smaller storage methods like removable media like USB flash drives or external hard drives that you might encourage remote employees to use to protect their data. There are also backup services companies can use to outsource their data backup strategy altogether. 

When creating or reassessing a company’s data backup approach, there are few concepts business leaders should familiarize themselves with:

Recovery Point Objectives

RPO, or recovery point objective, is the amount of time between your routine data backups. This can also translate into the amount of data that may be at risk in the event of a data loss. If you backup your company’s data once a week, for example, you potentially could lose a week’s worth of data. Choosing to back up more frequently can thus help reduce data loss risks. 

Recovery Time Objectives

RTO, or recovery time objective, is the time it takes for your business to restore its data from a backup. This is entirely dependent on how robust your data backup is and how much data you need to recover from it. Generally, the more streamlined your data backup strategy is, the faster your recovery time will be. Putting all of your data in the same type of storage solution can also improve your RTO.

The 3-2-1 Backup Strategy

Whether your business is large or small, one data backup strategy is considered best practice—the 3-2-1 backup strategy:

    • Create three copies of your data.
    • Put those copies of your data on at least two types of data storage solutions.
    • Store at least one of those storage solutions in a remote location. 

In honor of World Backup Day on March 31, check out the infographic below for more data backup tips and data loss statistics from Norton:

an infographic summing up data backup solutions and storage options, plus data loss statistics